圖片來源：網絡

近(jin)日，《關于全面深化公安改革若(ruo)干重大問題的框架意見(jian)》及相關改革方(fang)案，已經中央審議(yi)通過，即將(jiang)印發實施。

黨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)、國務院對公(gong)安工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)高(gao)度重視，對公(gong)安隊(dui)伍建設(she)(she)十分關心(xin)。黨的十八大(da)以來，習近(jin)平總書(shu)記(ji)等中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)同志多次聽取公(gong)安工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)匯報，并就深(shen)(shen)入(ru)推進(jin)公(gong)安改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)、進(jin)一步加(jia)強(qiang)和(he)改(gai)(gai)(gai)進(jin)新形(xing)勢下的公(gong)安工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)公(gong)安隊(dui)伍建設(she)(she)作(zuo)(zuo)出重要指示。在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)全(quan)面深(shen)(shen)化(hua)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)的領(ling)(ling)導(dao)下，在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)司法(fa)體(ti)制改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)的指導(dao)下，公(gong)安部(bu)成立全(quan)面深(shen)(shen)化(hua)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)，加(jia)強(qiang)研究謀(mou)劃、深(shen)(shen)入(ru)調研論證，在形(xing)成《意見(jian)》和(he)方(fang)案稿(gao)后，又廣泛(fan)征求了各地(di)、各有關部(bu)門和(he)基層單位(wei)的意見(jian)，并根據(ju)各方(fang)意見(jian)反復(fu)修改(gai)(gai)(gai)完善。《意見(jian)》和(he)方(fang)案先后經(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)全(quan)面深(shen)(shen)化(hua)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)會(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)政(zheng)治局常委會(hui)(hui)議(yi)(yi)審議(yi)(yi)通過。

全面深化(hua)公(gong)(gong)安改革(ge)的總體(ti)目標是：完善(shan)與推進國(guo)家治理(li)(li)體(ti)系和治理(li)(li)能力(li)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)、建設中國(guo)特(te)色(se)社會(hui)主義法治體(ti)系相適(shi)應的現(xian)(xian)代警務(wu)(wu)運(yun)行機(ji)制(zhi)和執(zhi)法權力(li)運(yun)行機(ji)制(zhi)，建立符合公(gong)(gong)安機(ji)關(guan)(guan)性質任務(wu)(wu)的公(gong)(gong)安機(ji)關(guan)(guan)管理(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)，建立體(ti)現(xian)(xian)人民(min)警察職業特(te)點、有別于其他公(gong)(gong)務(wu)(wu)員的人民(min)警察管理(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)。到2020年，基(ji)本形(xing)成系統完備(bei)、科(ke)學規(gui)(gui)范、運(yun)行有效的公(gong)(gong)安工作和公(gong)(gong)安隊(dui)伍管理(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)體(ti)系，實現(xian)(xian)基(ji)礎信(xin)息化(hua)、警務(wu)(wu)實戰化(hua)、執(zhi)法規(gui)(gui)范化(hua)、隊(dui)伍正規(gui)(gui)化(hua)，進一(yi)步提升人民(min)群眾的安全感、滿意度(du)和公(gong)(gong)安機(ji)關(guan)(guan)的執(zhi)法公(gong)(gong)信(xin)力(li)。

全面(mian)深化公安改革(ge)共有(you)七(qi)個方面(mian)的主要(yao)任務、100多項改革(ge)措施。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)健全維(wei)護國家(jia)安全工作機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)創新社會治(zhi)安治(zhi)理(li)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深化公安行政管(guan)理(li)改革(ge)，四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完善執法權(quan)力運行機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，五是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完善公安機(ji)關管(guan)理(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，六是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)健全人民警(jing)察管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，七(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規范警(jing)務輔助人員(yuan)管(guan)理(li)。

全(quan)面深化(hua)公(gong)安改革堅持以(yi)問(wen)題為導向(xiang)，將(jiang)改革的指(zhi)向(xiang)聚焦(jiao)在三個方面：一(yi)是(shi)著(zhu)力(li)完善現代警(jing)務運行機(ji)制(zhi)，提高(gao)(gao)社(she)會治安防控水(shui)平(ping)(ping)和治安治理(li)能力(li)，提高(gao)(gao)人民群(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)的安全(quan)感(gan)。二是(shi)著(zhu)力(li)推(tui)進公(gong)安行政管(guan)(guan)理(li)改革，提高(gao)(gao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)效能和服務水(shui)平(ping)(ping)，從政策上、制(zhi)度上推(tui)出更多(duo)惠民利民便(bian)民新舉措(cuo)，提高(gao)(gao)人民群(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)的滿意(yi)度。三是(shi)著(zhu)力(li)建設法治公(gong)安，確保嚴格(ge)規范公(gong)正(zheng)(zheng)文明(ming)執(zhi)法，提高(gao)(gao)公(gong)安機(ji)關執(zhi)法水(shui)平(ping)(ping)和執(zhi)法公(gong)信力(li)，努力(li)讓人民群(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)在每(mei)一(yi)項執(zhi)法活動、每(mei)一(yi)起案(an)件辦(ban)理(li)中都能感(gan)受到社(she)會公(gong)平(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng)義。

在創新社會(hui)(hui)治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)面，這次改革從完(wan)善治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)管理(li)(li)防(fang)控機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、創新懲(cheng)防(fang)犯罪工(gong)作機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、完(wan)善國(guo)際警(jing)務(wu)合(he)作機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、健(jian)全情報(bao)信(xin)息主導警(jing)務(wu)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等方(fang)面，提(ti)出了(le)創新治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)方(fang)式、提(ti)高治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)水平(ping)的(de)若(ruo)干措施。圍(wei)繞(rao)創新立(li)(li)體化社會(hui)(hui)治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)防(fang)控體系，建(jian)立(li)(li)健(jian)全更加(jia)注重源頭(tou)預防(fang)、綜合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)的(de)社會(hui)(hui)治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)模(mo)式。加(jia)快建(jian)立(li)(li)以公(gong)民(min)(min)身份號碼為基礎的(de)公(gong)民(min)(min)統(tong)一社會(hui)(hui)信(xin)用代(dai)碼制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，推動(dong)(dong)建(jian)立(li)(li)違法犯罪記錄與信(xin)用、相關職(zhi)業(ye)準入等掛鉤制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。健(jian)全社會(hui)(hui)治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)組織動(dong)(dong)員機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，推動(dong)(dong)社會(hui)(hui)治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)社會(hui)(hui)化治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)。健(jian)全涉眾型經(jing)濟(ji)犯罪、涉電信(xin)詐騙犯罪偵查工(gong)作機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。健(jian)全同有關部門(men)密切協(xie)作、高效順暢的(de)海(hai)外追逃追贓、遣返引渡工(gong)作機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，等等。

在(zai)深(shen)化(hua)公(gong)安(an)行政(zheng)管理改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)，這(zhe)次改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)從深(shen)化(hua)行政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)、扎實(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)、創新人(ren)口(kou)服務(wu)管理、健全(quan)(quan)完善外國(guo)(guo)人(ren)在(zai)中國(guo)(guo)永久(jiu)居(ju)留制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)和(he)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)邊(bian)防(fang)出入(ru)境、交(jiao)通、消(xiao)防(fang)監督(du)管理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)，提出了(le)一系(xi)列服務(wu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)開放(fang)、促進經濟發展和(he)便(bian)民(min)利(li)民(min)的政(zheng)策(ce)性(xing)措施(shi)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)性(xing)安(an)排。建(jian)(jian)立(li)行政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)事(shi)項定期清理和(he)行政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)權力(li)清單(dan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。扎實(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)進戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)籍(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)，取消(xiao)暫住(zhu)證(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)實(shi)施(shi)居(ju)住(zhu)證(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，建(jian)(jian)立(li)健全(quan)(quan)與居(ju)住(zhu)年(nian)限(xian)等(deng)(deng)條件(jian)相掛鉤的基本公(gong)共服務(wu)提供機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。落(luo)實(shi)無戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)人(ren)員落(luo)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)政(zheng)策(ce)。建(jian)(jian)立(li)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)遷(qian)移(yi)(yi)網(wang)上流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)核驗(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)和(he)居(ju)民(min)身(shen)份證(zheng)異(yi)地(di)(di)受(shou)理制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，方便(bian)異(yi)地(di)(di)辦理戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)和(he)身(shen)份證(zheng)。改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)內(nei)地(di)(di)往來港澳邊(bian)檢查(cha)驗(yan)模式(shi)，提高通關效率(lv)。向縣級公(gong)安(an)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關下放(fang)出入(ru)境證(zheng)件(jian)受(shou)理審(shen)批(pi)(pi)權限(xian)。健全(quan)(quan)完善統一規范、靈(ling)活務(wu)實(shi)的外國(guo)(guo)人(ren)在(zai)中國(guo)(guo)永久(jiu)居(ju)留制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)駕駛人(ren)培訓考試，推(tui)(tui)(tui)行駕駛人(ren)自(zi)主預約考試、異(yi)地(di)(di)考試等(deng)(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。深(shen)化(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)車(che)檢驗(yan)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)，全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)實(shi)施(shi)省(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)異(yi)地(di)(di)驗(yan)車(che)，逐步(bu)推(tui)(tui)(tui)行跨省(sheng)(sheng)異(yi)地(di)(di)驗(yan)車(che)。加快建(jian)(jian)立(li)跨省(sheng)(sheng)異(yi)地(di)(di)處(chu)理交(jiao)通違法和(he)繳(jiao)納罰款制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。縮小建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)程消(xiao)防(fang)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)范圍。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)落(luo)實(shi)報(bao)警求助首(shou)接責任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、群眾辦事(shi)一次告知制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、窗(chuang)口(kou)單(dan)位彈性(xing)工(gong)作制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，大力(li)推(tui)(tui)(tui)行“預約服務(wu)”、“綠(lv)色通道”和(he)“一站式(shi)”等(deng)(deng)服務(wu)模式(shi)。積極搭建(jian)(jian)綜合性(xing)網(wang)絡服務(wu)平臺和(he)新媒體移(yi)(yi)動(dong)終端，推(tui)(tui)(tui)行行政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)(pi)事(shi)項全(quan)(quan)程網(wang)上流轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，方便(bian)群眾咨(zi)詢(xun)、辦事(shi)和(he)查(cha)詢(xun)、監督(du)，等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。

在完(wan)善(shan)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)力運行(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)方面(mian)，這次改(gai)革從完(wan)善(shan)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)案制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)銜接機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)、執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)、人權(quan)保障(zhang)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等方面(mian)，提(ti)出了規(gui)范執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)力運行(xing)、促進社會公(gong)平正義的(de)一系(xi)列改(gai)革舉措。探(tan)索(suo)實行(xing)受案立(li)案分離和立(li)案歸口管理(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。健(jian)全行(xing)政裁(cai)(cai)量(liang)基準制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，細化量(liang)化裁(cai)(cai)量(liang)標準。深化執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)公(gong)開(kai)，落實執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)告知制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。圍繞推(tui)進以審(shen)判為中心的(de)訴訟制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)改(gai)革，完(wan)善(shan)適(shi)應證(zheng)據(ju)裁(cai)(cai)判規(gui)則要求的(de)證(zheng)據(ju)收集工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，完(wan)善(shan)嚴(yan)格實行(xing)非法(fa)(fa)(fa)證(zheng)據(ju)排除規(gui)則和嚴(yan)禁刑訊逼供、體罰(fa)虐待違(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)犯(fan)(fan)罪嫌(xian)疑人的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，建立(li)健(jian)全訊問犯(fan)(fan)罪嫌(xian)疑人錄(lu)音錄(lu)像制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和對違(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)犯(fan)(fan)罪嫌(xian)疑人辯(bian)解、申訴、控告認真(zhen)審(shen)查、及時處理(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，完(wan)善(shan)偵查階段聽取辯(bian)護律師(shi)意見的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。規(gui)范查封(feng)、扣(kou)押(ya)、凍結(jie)、處理(li)涉(she)案財物程序(xu)，實行(xing)涉(she)案財物集中管理(li)。完(wan)善(shan)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)，健(jian)全執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)過錯糾(jiu)正和責(ze)任(ren)(ren)追(zhui)究(jiu)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，建立(li)冤假(jia)錯案責(ze)任(ren)(ren)終(zhong)身(shen)追(zhui)究(jiu)制(zhi)。探(tan)索(suo)建立(li)主(zhu)辦(ban)偵查員制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，落實辦(ban)案質量(liang)終(zhong)身(shen)負責(ze)制(zhi)，等等。

全面深(shen)化公(gong)安改(gai)革還明確提出，根(gen)據人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)警(jing)(jing)(jing)察(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)性質特點，建(jian)(jian)立有別于其他公(gong)務員的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)警(jing)(jing)(jing)察(cha)(cha)管(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)和保(bao)(bao)障機制(zhi)(zhi)。按照職(zhi)位類(lei)(lei)別和職(zhi)務序列(lie)，對人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)警(jing)(jing)(jing)察(cha)(cha)實行分(fen)類(lei)(lei)管(guan)理。適應(ying)正規(gui)化、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化、職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)化建(jian)(jian)設(she)要求，建(jian)(jian)立健全人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)警(jing)(jing)(jing)察(cha)(cha)招錄培養機制(zhi)(zhi)。貫徹落實人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)警(jing)(jing)(jing)察(cha)(cha)生活(huo)待遇(yu)“高于地方、略低于軍隊(dui)”的(de)(de)原則，建(jian)(jian)立符合人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)警(jing)(jing)(jing)察(cha)(cha)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)特點的(de)(de)工資(zi)待遇(yu)保(bao)(bao)障體系。完(wan)善人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)警(jing)(jing)(jing)察(cha)(cha)撫恤優待制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，建(jian)(jian)立健全人(ren)(ren)身意外傷害(hai)保(bao)(bao)險等(deng)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)風險保(bao)(bao)障制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。依法維護(hu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)警(jing)(jing)(jing)察(cha)(cha)執法權威。規(gui)范(fan)警(jing)(jing)(jing)務輔(fu)助人(ren)(ren)員管(guan)理，等(deng)等(deng)。