隨著建(jian)行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)期(qi)業績發布，16家在A股上市(shi)的銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)半年(nian)報(bao)正式“收(shou)官”。工行(xing)(xing)凈(jing)利潤(run)微(wei)增(zeng)0.7%，農行(xing)(xing)微(wei)增(zeng)0.5%，中(zhong)行(xing)(xing)微(wei)增(zeng)1.69%，建(jian)行(xing)(xing)微(wei)增(zeng)0.97%，在四大行(xing)(xing)的“領銜”下，不少(shao)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)的凈(jing)利潤(run)紛紛進入“微(wei)增(zeng)”時代。在各(ge)家銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)多計提撥備、預防“出(chu)血點”的同時，如何找到新的“造血點”成各(ge)家銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)尋找的目標。

凈利“微增”成銀行業新常態

已(yi)發布的(de)(de)(de)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)年(nian)報顯示(shi)，不(bu)僅四大(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凈(jing)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)收(shou)入(ru)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)滑(hua)至2%以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，不(bu)少股份(fen)制商業(ye)(ye)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)凈(jing)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速也出現(xian)“腰(yao)斬(zhan)”，部分銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)凈(jing)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速甚至只(zhi)剩去年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期的(de)(de)(de)零頭(tou)，目(mu)前只(zhi)有(you)北京(jing)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、南京(jing)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和平安銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)仍保持兩(liang)位數的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。半(ban)(ban)年(nian)報顯示(shi)，今年(nian)上(shang)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)，中信銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實現(xian)股東凈(jing)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速從去年(nian)同(tong)(tong)期的(de)(de)(de)8.06%下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)至2.51%，浦發銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)從16.87%下(xia)(xia)(xia)滑(hua)到5.5%，華夏銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)從18.77%滑(hua)至6.84%，民生銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)由11.44%滑(hua)落至4.72%……“上(shang)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)不(bu)良貸款攀升，銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)部分盈利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)沖抵了一定(ding)不(bu)良，使得(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)有(you)所下(xia)(xia)(xia)滑(hua)。”建(jian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)董事長(chang)(chang)(chang)王洪(hong)章在業(ye)(ye)績發布會上(shang)表示(shi)，與此同(tong)(tong)時，央行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)多次調(diao)整(zheng)存貸款利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)率，尤其是非(fei)對(dui)稱性降(jiang)息(xi)也對(dui)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)有(you)所影響。今年(nian)上(shang)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)，建(jian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實現(xian)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)息(xi)凈(jing)收(shou)入(ru)2246.19億元，同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)6.31%，比2014年(nian)年(nian)底(di)12.28%的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速相比近乎(hu)“腰(yao)斬(zhan)”。自2014年(nian)11月22日以(yi)來，已(yi)連續5次降(jiang)息(xi)，對(dui)工(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)造成約270億元的(de)(de)(de)影響。工(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)息(xi)凈(jing)收(shou)入(ru)同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)6.1%，與2014年(nian)同(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)11.3%的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速相比下(xia)(xia)(xia)滑(hua)明顯。工(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)董事長(chang)(chang)(chang)姜建(jian)清認為(wei)，前幾年(nian)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)績使得(de)大(da)(da)家把銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高速增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)視為(wei)常態，但目(mu)前銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)利(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)潤(run)“微增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)”已(yi)成為(wei)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)新常態。

緊跟國家戰略開拓海外增長點

不少銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)高層都在(zai)業(ye)(ye)績發布(bu)(bu)會(hui)上表(biao)(biao)態，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)需要嚴控不良(liang)“出(chu)血點”，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)急需尋找利(li)(li)潤(run)(run)“造血點”。在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)經濟(ji)下(xia)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)壓力增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大的(de)背(bei)(bei)景下(xia)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)開始積極探尋海(hai)(hai)外(wai)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)點。“在(zai)利(li)(li)息凈收(shou)入(ru)(ru)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速下(xia)滑的(de)背(bei)(bei)景下(xia)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)中間(jian)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)平穩健康發展，有效抵消利(li)(li)率市場化對存貸比、利(li)(li)差的(de)沖(chong)擊。”中行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)副(fu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)長(chang)張金(jin)良(liang)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)，尤其是人(ren)民幣國(guo)際化和“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)”戰略推(tui)進(jin)的(de)背(bei)(bei)景下(xia)，可以抓住(zhu)近期人(ren)民幣匯率改革的(de)難得機會(hui)，積極開拓(tuo)中間(jian)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)。上半年，中行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)機構(gou)實(shi)現稅前利(li)(li)潤(run)(run)46.52億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)，同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)5.46%，占集團稅前利(li)(li)潤(run)(run)22.91%;建(jian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)投(tou)(tou)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)現財務(wu)(wu)顧問業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)30.68億(yi)元(yuan)，海(hai)(hai)外(wai)商業(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)現利(li)(li)潤(run)(run)21.18億(yi)元(yuan)同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)35.61%;工行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兼并收(shou)購、股權融資(zi)(zi)(zi)等投(tou)(tou)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)重點產品(pin)線收(shou)入(ru)(ru)保持20%以上較快增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，境外(wai)機構(gou)稅前利(li)(li)潤(run)(run)同(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)13%。“抓住(zhu)‘一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)’、人(ren)民幣國(guo)際化等國(guo)家戰略機遇(yu)，搭乘(cheng)‘滬港通’、基金(jin)互(hu)認等雙向投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)快車，中資(zi)(zi)(zi)投(tou)(tou)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)對于整個銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)利(li)(li)潤(run)(run)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)拉動作用正在(zai)逐步(bu)凸顯(xian)。”建(jian)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)國(guo)際董事(shi)長(chang)胡章宏(hong)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)。據此，不少銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)都提出(chu)要做“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)”的(de)首選銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。中行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)今年“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)”的(de)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)授信金(jin)額將達到200億(yi)元(yuan)，未(wei)來(lai)三年要達到1000億(yi)元(yuan)。工行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)上半年為115個“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)”境外(wai)項目(mu)提供199億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)支(zhi)持，并儲備(bei)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)”境外(wai)項目(mu)139個，投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)總額約2000億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)。“‘一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)’戰略敦促銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)轉變思路(lu)，加快在(zai)全球網(wang)絡布(bu)(bu)局，提升(sheng)人(ren)民幣跨(kua)境運營和投(tou)(tou)融資(zi)(zi)(zi)水平，推(tui)動中資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)發展。”中行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)長(chang)陳四清說。

“互聯網+”提供再造機會

互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)培育(yu)了全民線上理(li)(li)財觀念，客戶金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)消(xiao)費(fei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為發生了深刻變化，也成(cheng)為商業(ye)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)重新(xin)切(qie)分(fen)蛋糕機(ji)(ji)遇和(he)利(li)潤(run)增長點(dian)。從年(nian)初工行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)長易會滿(man)介紹該行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)戰略開始，幾(ji)家(jia)大(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)競爭日(ri)趨(qu)激烈。五大(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)均設立了“網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)部”，并明(ming)確各家(jia)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)戰略，探(tan)索運用互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)技術(shu)和(he)思維為銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)做整體轉型再造(zao)。其(qi)中(zhong)，工行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)電(dian)商平(ping)臺(tai)、信息服(fu)務(wu)平(ping)臺(tai)、直銷(xiao)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三大(da)平(ping)臺(tai)和(he)支付(fu)、融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)、投(tou)資(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易三大(da)產(chan)品(pin)線為主體;建行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全力加(jia)強手機(ji)(ji)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、網(wang)(wang)上銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、微(wei)信銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三大(da)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)渠道(dao)建設;中(zhong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)則圍繞中(zhong)銀易商平(ping)臺(tai)為基(ji)礎(chu)，推出(chu)支付(fu)、理(li)(li)財、融(rong)(rong)(rong)資(zi)(zi)等6大(da)類產(chan)品(pin)線……半(ban)年(nian)報顯示(shi)，上半(ban)年(nian)工行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“融(rong)(rong)(rong)e購”電(dian)商平(ping)臺(tai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易量(liang)達2044億(yi)元，“融(rong)(rong)(rong)e行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”直銷(xiao)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)平(ping)臺(tai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易額突破230億(yi)元;網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)渠道(dao)已(yi)成(cheng)建行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)最主要的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易渠道(dao)，離柜賬務(wu)性(xing)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易量(liang)占比達94.28%;中(zhong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本外幣跨(kua)境電(dian)商支付(fu)結算業(ye)務(wu)覆蓋超(chao)50家(jia)機(ji)(ji)構，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易規模近100億(yi)元。“互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)最大(da)挑戰是風(feng)險控制(zhi)。”姜(jiang)建清表示(shi)，時下(xia)認(ren)證技術(shu)日(ri)新(xin)月異(yi)，但人臉識別等新(xin)興技術(shu)能(neng)否成(cheng)為風(feng)險控制(zhi)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)方式還有待監管部門認(ren)定和(he)實踐的(de)(de)檢(jian)驗。在不影響客戶體驗的(de)(de)要求下(xia)，還需要盡可能(neng)多種交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)叉認(ren)證，以(yi)(yi)防范互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)風(feng)險。