每經編輯｜黃俊玲    

每經記者 黃俊玲 發自北京(jing)

2月2日，中國(guo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)監會(hui)(hui)對(dui)外發布了《相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)組織監管試行(xing)辦法》，為培育相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)這(zhe)一新型市場主體，《試行(xing)辦法》設置了相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)為寬松的(de)準入條(tiao)件(jian)。其中，一般相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)組織需要(yao)滿(man)(man)足“有不(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)1億元人民幣(bi)的(de)初始運(yun)營資金(jin)”及“有不(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)500個初始會(hui)(hui)員”等主要(yao)設立條(tiao)件(jian)，區域性、專業(ye)性相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)組織需要(yao)滿(man)(man)足“有不(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)1000萬元初始運(yun)營資金(jin)”和“有不(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)100個初始會(hui)(hui)員”等主要(yao)設立條(tiao)件(jian)。

相互保險：具有三個獨特優勢

相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)(bao)險是指有相(xiang)同風(feng)險保(bao)(bao)障需求的投(tou)保(bao)(bao)人(ren)，在平(ping)等自愿、民(min)主管理的基礎上，以互(hu)相(xiang)幫助、共攤風(feng)險為目的，為自己辦(ban)理保(bao)(bao)險的經(jing)濟活動。據了解(jie)，相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)(bao)險發展(zhan)歷(li)史悠(you)久，起源早于股份(fen)制(zhi)保(bao)(bao)險，目前(qian)在國際保(bao)(bao)險市(shi)場仍占(zhan)據重(zhong)要(yao)地位，尤其在高風(feng)險領域如農(nong)業、漁業和中(zhong)低收入(ru)人(ren)群(qun)風(feng)險保(bao)(bao)障方面得到廣泛應(ying)用。據國際相(xiang)互(hu)合作保(bao)(bao)險組織聯盟統(tong)計，2013年全球相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)(bao)險保(bao)(bao)費收入(ru)達1.23萬億美元，占(zhan)全球保(bao)(bao)險市(shi)場的26.7%,覆蓋人(ren)群(qun)8.25億人(ren)，相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)(bao)險組織總資產(chan)超過(guo)7.8萬億美元。

中國保(bao)(bao)(bao)監會有(you)關部門(men)負(fu)責人(ren)(ren)(ren)在回答記者提問時(shi)表示，相(xiang)互保(bao)(bao)(bao)險具有(you)一些獨特優勢，比如相(xiang)互保(bao)(bao)(bao)險組織沒(mei)有(you)外部股(gu)東，由全(quan)體投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)共同所有(you)，不存在投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)與保(bao)(bao)(bao)險人(ren)(ren)(ren)之間的(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)沖突。此外，展(zhan)(zhan)業費(fei)用較(jiao)低，核災定損準確度較(jiao)高；最(zui)后，由于沒(mei)有(you)股(gu)東盈利(li)壓力，其(qi)資產(chan)和盈余都用于被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)福利(li)和保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)，可(ke)以發展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)利(li)于被(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險人(ren)(ren)(ren)長(chang)期利(li)益(yi)的(de)(de)險種。

據了解，隨著(zhu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)“新國十條”的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)，政府對保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)業發(fa)(fa)揮經濟助推器和(he)(he)社(she)會穩定(ding)器作用充滿期(qi)待，公眾(zhong)對保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)也有(you)著(zhu)強(qiang)烈需求。在這(zhe)一形(xing)勢下(xia)，創新發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)這(zhe)一普惠金(jin)(jin)融形(xing)式(shi)具有(you)積極的(de)(de)現實意義。我國目前對相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)進行(xing)了長期(qi)探(tan)索，目前相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)主要包括(kuo)陽光農業相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司和(he)(he)寧波慈溪保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)互(hu)(hu)助社(she)。今年(nian)1月8日，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)監會公告同意在瑞安市馬(ma)嶼鎮開展(zhan)農村保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)互(hu)(hu)助社(she)試(shi)(shi)點，試(shi)(shi)點期(qi)間，互(hu)(hu)助社(she)的(de)(de)業務范(fan)圍限(xian)定(ding)為農產(chan)品保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)、農產(chan)品貨運保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)農戶小額貸款保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)等三個險(xian)(xian)種。資金(jin)(jin)運用業務限(xian)于銀(yin)行(xing)存款和(he)(he)國債。

三方面推動相互保險發展

為(wei)使相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)成為(wei)股份(fen)制保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合理、必要的(de)補充(chong)，根(gen)據《試行(xing)(xing)辦(ban)法》規定(ding)(ding)，將從三(san)個方(fang)向推動相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發展：第一類是(shi)一般相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)，定(ding)(ding)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)按照公司化運作、在較(jiao)大(da)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)范圍內(nei)開展業(ye)(ye)務的(de)大(da)型(xing)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)。第二類是(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)性(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)，定(ding)(ding)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)在特定(ding)(ding)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)或(huo)特定(ding)(ding)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)領域(yu)(yu)(yu)開展單一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)務的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)。第三(san)類是(shi)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)性(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)，定(ding)(ding)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)為(wei)地市(shi)級以下特定(ding)(ding)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)范圍內(nei)的(de)居民(min)提(ti)供專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)服務的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)。根(gen)據國際經(jing)驗，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)融(rong)資難度相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)大(da)。為(wei)培(pei)育相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)這(zhe)一新型(xing)市(shi)場主體(ti)，《試行(xing)(xing)辦(ban)法》設(she)置了相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)為(wei)寬松的(de)準(zhun)入條件(jian)。其中，一般相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)需要滿足“有不(bu)低于(yu)(yu)1億(yi)元人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)的(de)初始(shi)運營資金”及“有不(bu)低于(yu)(yu)500個初始(shi)會(hui)員”等主要設(she)立(li)條件(jian)，區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)性(xing)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)性(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)需要滿足“有不(bu)低于(yu)(yu)1000萬(wan)元初始(shi)運營資金”和“有不(bu)低于(yu)(yu)100個初始(shi)會(hui)員”等主要設(she)立(li)條件(jian)。

對于下(xia)一(yi)(yi)步相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)組織的(de)(de)發展，保(bao)監會相(xiang)關(guan)負(fu)責人表(biao)示，下(xia)一(yi)(yi)階段，保(bao)監會將(jiang)從以下(xia)幾個方面(mian)著手推動(dong)相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)規范健康(kang)發展。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)做好(hao)引導和(he)協(xie)(xie)調工作，支持有意愿、有條件的(de)(de)地區和(he)行業組織探(tan)索設立各種形式(shi)的(de)(de)相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)組織。二(er)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)快相(xiang)關(guan)立法進程(cheng)，積極推動(dong)在《保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)法》等法律法規中增加(jia)相(xiang)關(guan)條款，為相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)發展創造(zao)更好(hao)的(de)(de)法律環(huan)境(jing)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)強與相(xiang)關(guan)部門的(de)(de)溝(gou)通協(xie)(xie)調，理順管(guan)理機制，爭取(qu)優惠政策，營造(zao)相(xiang)互(hu)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)良好(hao)的(de)(de)政策環(huan)境(jing)。