每經編輯｜畢(bi)陸名

5月17日，國家發(fa)展改革(ge)委、國家能源(yuan)局發(fa)布關于加快推進充電(dian)基礎(chu)設施建設，更(geng)好支持(chi)新能源(yuan)汽車下鄉(xiang)和鄉(xiang)村振興的實施意見。

重點如下：

兩部門：鼓勵新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)企業(ye)針對(dui)農村(cun)地區消費者特(te)點，通過差異(yi)化(hua)策略優化(hua)配置，開發更多經濟實用(yong)的車(che)型，特(te)別(bie)是新能(neng)源(yuan)載(zai)貨微(wei)面(mian)、微(wei)卡、輕卡等產品(pin)。健全(quan)新能(neng)源(yuan)二(er)手(shou)車(che)評估(gu)體系(xi)，對(dui)新能(neng)源(yuan)二(er)手(shou)車(che)加強檢查和整修，鼓勵企業(ye)面(mian)向農村(cun)地區市場提供優質新能(neng)源(yuan)二(er)手(shou)車(che)。

兩(liang)部(bu)門(men)：提供多元(yuan)化(hua)購(gou)買支(zhi)持(chi)政(zheng)策。鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)有(you)(you)條件的地(di)(di)(di)方對(dui)農村戶籍居(ju)民在(zai)戶籍所在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)縣域內購(gou)買新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源汽(qi)(qi)車，給予消費(fei)券等支(zhi)持(chi)。鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)有(you)(you)關汽(qi)(qi)車企業和(he)有(you)(you)條件的地(di)(di)(di)方對(dui)淘汰低速電動(dong)車購(gou)買新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源汽(qi)(qi)車提供以(yi)舊換新(xin)(xin)獎(jiang)勵(li)。鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)地(di)(di)(di)方政(zheng)府加強政(zheng)企聯(lian)動(dong)，開展購(gou)車贈送充(chong)電優惠券等活動(dong)。加大農村地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)汽(qi)(qi)車消費(fei)信貸(dai)(dai)支(zhi)持(chi)，鼓(gu)(gu)勵(li)金融機構在(zai)依(yi)法合(he)規(gui)、風險(xian)可控的前(qian)提下(xia)，合(he)理確定首付(fu)比例(li)、貸(dai)(dai)款利率、還(huan)款期限。

兩部門：加強公共充電基礎設施布局建設。支持地方政府結合實際開展縣鄉公共充電網絡規劃，并做好與國土空間規劃、配電網規劃等的銜接，加快實現適宜使用新能源汽車的地區充電站“縣縣全覆蓋”、充電樁“鄉鄉全覆蓋”。合理推(tui)進(jin)集(ji)中式(shi)公共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)場站建設(she)，優先(xian)在縣鄉企(qi)事(shi)業(ye)單位、商業(ye)建筑、交通樞紐(niu)（場站）、公路沿(yan)線(xian)服(fu)務區(qu)（站）等(deng)場所配置(zhi)公共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)設(she)施，并(bing)向易地搬遷集(ji)中安置(zhi)區(qu)、鄉村(cun)旅游重點村(cun)等(deng)延伸，結(jie)合鄉村(cun)自(zi)駕游發展加快公路沿(yan)線(xian)、具(ju)備條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)加油站等(deng)場所充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁建設(she)。

兩部(bu)門：豐(feng)富(fu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源汽車供應(ying)。鼓(gu)勵新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源汽車企業針對農村(cun)地區消費者(zhe)特(te)點，通過差異化(hua)策略優化(hua)配置，開發更多經濟實(shi)用的車型(xing)，特(te)別是新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源載(zai)貨微面、微卡(ka)、輕卡(ka)等(deng)產(chan)品。健全新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源二手(shou)車評估體(ti)系(xi)，對新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源二手(shou)車加強(qiang)檢查和整修(xiu)，鼓(gu)勵企業面向農村(cun)地區市(shi)場提供優質新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源二手(shou)車。

兩(liang)部門：加(jia)大充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡建(jian)設(she)(she)運(yun)營支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)力度(du)。鼓勵有條件地(di)方出臺農村地(di)區公共(gong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)運(yun)營專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)政策。利用地(di)方政府專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)債券等工具，支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)符合條件的高(gao)速公路及普通國(guo)省(sheng)干(gan)線公路服務區（站(zhan)）、公共(gong)汽(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車場站(zhan)和(he)汽(qi)車客運(yun)站(zhan)等充換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)。統籌考慮鄉村級充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡建(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)發(fa)展，加(jia)大用地(di)保(bao)障等支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)力度(du)，開展配(pei)套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設(she)(she)改(gai)造，增強農村電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的支(zhi)(zhi)撐保(bao)障能(neng)力。到2030年前，對(dui)實行兩(liang)部制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價的集中(zhong)式充換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)免收需量（容(rong)量）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費，放寬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業相關配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設(she)(she)投(tou)資效率約(yue)束，全額納(na)入輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價回收。

圖片來源：每日經濟新聞 資(zi)料圖

全文如下：

國家發展改革委 國家能源局關于加快推進充電基礎設施建設 更好支持新能源汽車下鄉和鄉村振興的實施意見

發改綜合〔2023〕545號

各省(sheng)、自治區、直轄市人(ren)民政府(fu)，新疆(jiang)生產建設兵(bing)團，國(guo)家電網(wang)有限公(gong)司、中國(guo)南方電網(wang)有限責任公(gong)司：

我國(guo)已建(jian)成世界上數量最多、輻射面(mian)積最大(da)、服務(wu)車輛最全的充電(dian)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)體系(xi)，為(wei)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車快速(su)發展提供(gong)了有力(li)保障(zhang)。但廣大(da)農(nong)村(cun)地(di)區(qu)仍(reng)存在公共(gong)充電(dian)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)不足、居住(zhu)社區(qu)充電(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)安裝共(gong)享(xiang)難(nan)、時段性(xing)供(gong)需矛盾突(tu)出(chu)等問題(ti)，制(zhi)約(yue)了農(nong)村(cun)地(di)區(qu)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車消費(fei)潛(qian)力(li)的釋放。適(shi)度(du)超前建(jian)設(she)(she)充電(dian)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，優(you)化(hua)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車購買(mai)使(shi)用環境，對推動新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車下(xia)鄉、引導(dao)農(nong)村(cun)地(di)區(qu)居民綠色出(chu)行(xing)、促進鄉村(cun)全面(mian)振興具(ju)有重要(yao)意義(yi)。為(wei)做好(hao)相關(guan)工(gong)作，經國(guo)務(wu)院同意，制(zhi)定如下(xia)實施(shi)(shi)意見。

一、創新農村地區充電基礎設施建設運營維護模式

（一）加強公共充電基礎設施布局建設。支(zhi)持地方政(zheng)府(fu)結合(he)實際開(kai)展縣鄉公(gong)共(gong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡規劃(hua)(hua)，并做好與(yu)國(guo)土空間規劃(hua)(hua)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)規劃(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)的(de)銜接，加快實現適宜使用(yong)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車的(de)地區充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)“縣縣全覆蓋(gai)”、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁“鄉鄉全覆蓋(gai)”。合(he)理推進集(ji)(ji)中式(shi)公(gong)共(gong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)站(zhan)(zhan)建設，優先在縣鄉企事業(ye)單位、商業(ye)建筑、交(jiao)通樞紐（場(chang)站(zhan)(zhan)）、公(gong)路沿(yan)線(xian)服務區（站(zhan)(zhan)）等(deng)(deng)場(chang)所配置公(gong)共(gong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)，并向易地搬遷集(ji)(ji)中安置區、鄉村旅游(you)重點村等(deng)(deng)延伸(shen)，結合(he)鄉村自駕游(you)發(fa)展加快公(gong)路沿(yan)線(xian)、具備條件的(de)加油站(zhan)(zhan)等(deng)(deng)場(chang)所充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁建設。

（二）推進社區充電基礎設施建設共享。加(jia)快推(tui)進農村(cun)地(di)區(qu)既(ji)有居住社區(qu)充電(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，因(yin)地(di)制宜開(kai)展充電(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)改造，具備安裝(zhuang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)居住社區(qu)可(ke)配(pei)建(jian)(jian)一定比例的(de)公共(gong)充電(dian)車位(wei)(wei)。落實(shi)(shi)新建(jian)(jian)居住社區(qu)充電(dian)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)配(pei)建(jian)(jian)要求，推(tui)動(dong)固定車位(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)設(she)充電(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)或(huo)預留安裝(zhuang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)以滿足直接(jie)裝(zhuang)表接(jie)電(dian)需要。落實(shi)(shi)街(jie)道辦事處等基(ji)層管理(li)機(ji)構管理(li)責任(ren)，加(jia)大對居住社區(qu)管理(li)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)指導和(he)監督(du)，建(jian)(jian)立(li)“一站式”協調推(tui)動(dong)和(he)投訴解決機(ji)制。居住社區(qu)管理(li)單位(wei)(wei)應積(ji)極協助用戶安裝(zhuang)充電(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)，可(ke)探索(suo)與充電(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)運營企業(ye)合作的(de)機(ji)制。引導社區(qu)推(tui)廣“臨近車位(wei)(wei)共(gong)享(xiang)”“社區(qu)分時共(gong)享(xiang)”“多車一樁”等共(gong)享(xiang)模(mo)式。

（三）加大充電網絡建設運營支持力度。鼓勵(li)有條件地(di)方(fang)出臺農村(cun)(cun)地(di)區公共(gong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)運(yun)營專項(xiang)(xiang)支持(chi)政策。利用地(di)方(fang)政府專項(xiang)(xiang)債券等工具，支持(chi)符合條件的(de)(de)高速公路及普通(tong)國省干線公路服(fu)務區（站(zhan)）、公共(gong)汽(qi)電(dian)(dian)車(che)場站(zhan)和汽(qi)車(che)客(ke)運(yun)站(zhan)等充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)。統籌(chou)考慮鄉村(cun)(cun)級充(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)建(jian)設(she)和輸配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)發展(zhan)，加大用地(di)保(bao)障等支持(chi)力度，開(kai)展(zhan)配套電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)設(she)改造，增強農村(cun)(cun)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)支撐保(bao)障能力。到(dao)2030年前(qian)，對實行兩部制電(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)集中式充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)用電(dian)(dian)免收(shou)需量（容(rong)量）電(dian)(dian)費，放(fang)寬電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業相關配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)設(she)投資效率(lv)約束(shu)，全額(e)納入(ru)輸配電(dian)(dian)價(jia)回收(shou)。

（四）推廣智能有序充電等新模式。提升新(xin)建(jian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設施智(zhi)能(neng)化水(shui)平，將智(zhi)能(neng)有序(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)納(na)入充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設施和新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)產品功能(neng)范圍，鼓(gu)勵新(xin)售新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)隨車(che)配(pei)建(jian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)具備(bei)有序(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)功能(neng)，加快形成行業統一(yi)標準。鼓(gu)勵開展電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)與電(dian)(dian)網雙(shuang)向(xiang)互動（V2G）、光儲充(chong)(chong)(chong)協(xie)同控制等關鍵技術研究，探索在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)利(li)用率較低的農村地區，建(jian)設提供光伏發電(dian)(dian)、儲能(neng)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)一(yi)體化的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設施。落實(shi)峰谷分時電(dian)(dian)價政策，鼓(gu)勵用戶低谷時段充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

（五）提升充電基礎設施運維服務體驗。結合(he)農村地區充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)環(huan)境、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網基礎條件、運(yun)行維護(hu)(hu)要求等，開展充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)標準(zhun)制修訂和(he)典型(xing)設(she)計(ji)。完善(shan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)運(yun)維體系(xi)，提(ti)升設(she)施(shi)(shi)可用(yong)(yong)率和(he)故障處(chu)理能力，推動(dong)公共充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡運(yun)營(ying)商平(ping)臺互聯互通(tong)。鼓(gu)勵停(ting)車(che)場(chang)與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)運(yun)營(ying)企業創新技術與管理措施(shi)(shi)，引導燃(ran)油汽車(che)與新能源汽車(che)分區停(ting)放，維護(hu)(hu)良好充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)秩序。利用(yong)(yong)技術手(shou)段對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)需求集中的(de)時段和(he)地段進行提(ti)前研判(pan)，并做好服(fu)務保障。

二、支持農村地區購買使用新能源汽車

（六）豐富新能源汽車供應。鼓勵新能(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)(che)企業針對(dui)農村地區(qu)消費者特(te)點，通過差異化策(ce)略優(you)化配置，開發更多經濟(ji)實用的車(che)(che)型(xing)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)新能(neng)(neng)源載貨微(wei)面(mian)、微(wei)卡(ka)(ka)、輕(qing)卡(ka)(ka)等(deng)產品。健全新能(neng)(neng)源二手車(che)(che)評估體(ti)系，對(dui)新能(neng)(neng)源二手車(che)(che)加強檢查(cha)和整(zheng)修，鼓勵企業面(mian)向農村地區(qu)市場提供優(you)質新能(neng)(neng)源二手車(che)(che)。

（七）加快公共領域應用推廣。加快(kuai)新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)在縣(xian)鄉黨政機關(guan)、學校、醫(yi)院等(deng)單位的推(tui)廣應用(yong)(yong)(yong)，因地制宜(yi)提高公(gong)務用(yong)(yong)(yong)車(che)中新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)比例，發揮引(yin)領(ling)示范作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。鼓勵有條件(jian)的地方加大對公(gong)交、道路客運、出租汽(qi)車(che)、執法、環衛、物流配送等(deng)領(ling)域新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)支(zhi)持力度。

（八）提供多元化購買支持政策。鼓勵(li)(li)有條件的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方對農村戶(hu)籍居(ju)民在戶(hu)籍所在地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)域內購(gou)買(mai)新能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)，給予消(xiao)費券(quan)等(deng)支持(chi)。鼓勵(li)(li)有關(guan)汽車(che)(che)企(qi)業和有條件的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方對淘汰低速電(dian)動車(che)(che)購(gou)買(mai)新能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)提供以(yi)舊(jiu)換新獎勵(li)(li)。鼓勵(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)方政府加強政企(qi)聯(lian)動，開展購(gou)車(che)(che)贈送(song)充電(dian)優惠券(quan)等(deng)活動。加大農村地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)汽車(che)(che)消(xiao)費信貸支持(chi)，鼓勵(li)(li)金融機構在依法合規、風(feng)險可控(kong)的(de)前提下，合理確定首付比例、貸款利率、還款期(qi)限。

三、強化農村地區新能源汽車宣傳服務管理

（九）加大宣傳引導力度。通過新聞報道、專家評論、互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)新媒體(ti)等方(fang)式積極宣傳，支持(chi)地方(fang)政府和行業機(ji)構組織新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車廠家開展(zhan)品牌聯(lian)(lian)展(zhan)、試乘試駕等活動(dong)，鼓勵(li)新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車企業聯(lian)(lian)合產業鏈上游電池(chi)企業開展(zhan)農村地區購車三年內免費(fei)“電池(chi)體(ti)檢”活動(dong)，提(ti)升消(xiao)費(fei)者對(dui)新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車的接受(shou)度。

（十）強化銷售服務網絡。鼓勵新能源汽(qi)車(che)企(qi)(qi)業下(xia)沉銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)網(wang)絡(luo)，引導車(che)企(qi)(qi)及(ji)第三(san)方服(fu)務(wu)企(qi)(qi)業加(jia)快建設聯合營業網(wang)點、建立配套售(shou)(shou)后服(fu)務(wu)體系，定期開展維修售(shou)(shou)后服(fu)務(wu)下(xia)鄉活動，提(ti)供(gong)應急救援等服(fu)務(wu)，緩解購買使用顧慮。鼓勵高職(zhi)院校面向(xiang)農村(cun)地區培養(yang)新能源汽(qi)車(che)維保(bao)技術(shu)人員，提(ti)供(gong)汽(qi)車(che)維保(bao)、充電(dian)樁維護(hu)等相(xiang)關職(zhi)業教育，將(jiang)促進就近就地就業與(yu)支持新能源汽(qi)車(che)消費(fei)有效銜接。

（十一）加強安全監管。健全(quan)新能(neng)源汽車安(an)(an)全(quan)監管體(ti)系，因地制宜(yi)利用(yong)多種(zhong)手段(duan)，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)新能(neng)源汽車及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池質量安(an)(an)全(quan)水平，嚴格農村(cun)地區(qu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)管理，引(yin)導充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)運營(ying)企業(ye)(ye)接(jie)入政府充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)監管平臺(tai)，嚴格配套(tao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、集中充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)所安(an)(an)全(quan)條件(jian)，確保符合有關(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規、國(guo)家標(biao)準或(huo)行業(ye)(ye)標(biao)準規定(ding)，強化管理人員安(an)(an)全(quan)業(ye)(ye)務培(pei)訓，定(ding)期對存(cun)量充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁進(jin)行隱患排查(cha)。引(yin)導農村(cun)居民安(an)(an)裝使用(yong)獨立充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，并(bing)合理配備漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)器及接(jie)地設備，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)全(quan)水平。

各地(di)(di)區、各有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門要切實加強組織領導，明確責任分工，積極(ji)主動作為(wei)，推動相關(guan)政策(ce)(ce)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)盡快落地(di)(di)見效，完善購買使用政策(ce)(ce)，進一步健全充電(dian)基礎設施(shi)(shi)網絡，確保(bao)“有(you)人建、有(you)人管、能持續”，為(wei)新(xin)能源汽車(che)在(zai)農村地(di)(di)區的(de)推廣使用營造(zao)良好(hao)環(huan)境，更(geng)好(hao)滿足群眾生(sheng)產生(sheng)活需求(qiu)。

封(feng)面圖片來源：每日經(jing)濟(ji)新聞 資(zi)料圖