圖片來源：視覺中國

記者 侯(hou)云龍 

人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)正(zheng)在成(cheng)為(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)策聚焦的新(xin)興產(chan)(chan)業(ye)。《經濟參考報》記者通過詳細梳理發(fa)現，截(jie)至(zhi)目前，已(yi)有(you)北京、上海、天津、浙江、安徽、吉(ji)林、貴州等20個省市，根據(ju)各地實際(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)情況(kuang)出(chu)臺了人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策和措施(shi)。業(ye)內(nei)認為(wei)，中央(yang)層面(mian)對人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)發(fa)展(zhan)高度重視(shi)，已(yi)陸續出(chu)臺一系列人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)政(zheng)(zheng)策。隨(sui)著各地更為(wei)具體的措施(shi)亮相，我國人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策體系已(yi)基本成(cheng)型，并正(zheng)在形(xing)成(cheng)良好的央(yang)地聯動效(xiao)應。這不僅(jin)有(you)助于中央(yang)層面(mian)的人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策快(kuai)速落地，還能(neng)促進產(chan)(chan)業(ye)加(jia)速應用(yong)，更快(kuai)和汽車、醫療、物流、制造業(ye)等關鍵產(chan)(chan)業(ye)融(rong)合。

出(chu)(chu)于(yu)對產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)高度重視，我國(guo)(guo)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)政策布(bu)局較早(zao)。2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月，國(guo)(guo)務院出(chu)(chu)臺《關于(yu)積極推動(dong)(dong)“互聯(lian)網＋”行動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)意(yi)見(jian)》，首(shou)次提出(chu)(chu)培育發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)，并將人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)列為11項重點行動(dong)(dong)之一；2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月，發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)被(bei)寫(xie)入(ru)“十(shi)三(san)五(wu)(wu)”規劃(hua)。當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)公布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)《“互聯(lian)網＋”人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)行動(dong)(dong)實(shi)施方案》《“十(shi)三(san)五(wu)(wu)”國(guo)(guo)家科技創新規劃(hua)》《智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)硬件行業(ye)創新發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)行動(dong)(dong)（2015—2018）》《“十(shi)三(san)五(wu)(wu)”國(guo)(guo)家戰略性(xing)新興產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃(hua)》等多份產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)指導(dao)文件，均對發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)詳(xiang)細安排(pai)；2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月，人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)被(bei)首(shou)次寫(xie)入(ru)政府工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)報告(gao)；2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月，人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)被(bei)寫(xie)入(ru)十(shi)九大報告(gao)，人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)實(shi)體經濟融合(he)(he)成為產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重要目(mu)標；當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月和(he)11月，國(guo)(guo)務院相繼(ji)公布(bu)了《新一代人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃(hua)》和(he)《促進新一代人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)行動(dong)(dong)計劃(hua)》，在(zai)進一步對人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)規劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)同時，提出(chu)(chu)加快推進人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)和(he)已有各(ge)類產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)融合(he)(he)。

隨著中央層面產(chan)(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策不斷出(chu)爐(lu)，各地(di)對人工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)也日(ri)益重視。從2016年開始(shi)，上(shang)海(hai)、北京、浙江(jiang)(jiang)、廣東(dong)等地(di)根據各自(zi)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)情況，陸續出(chu)臺(tai)了(le)地(di)方性產(chan)(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策和措施(shi)。截至(zhi)目前，我國已有北京、上(shang)海(hai)、天(tian)津、浙江(jiang)(jiang)、安徽、吉林、貴州等20個(ge)省份(fen)出(chu)臺(tai)了(le)人工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策。例如，上(shang)海(hai)市出(chu)臺(tai)了(le)《上(shang)海(hai)市人工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)創新專(zhuan)項(xiang)支持實(shi)(shi)施(shi)細(xi)則》，天(tian)津市出(chu)臺(tai)了(le)《天(tian)津市人工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)科技創新專(zhuan)項(xiang)行(xing)動計劃》，江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省出(chu)臺(tai)了(le)《關(guan)于(yu)加快推(tui)進人工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)和智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)制(zhi)造發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)若干措施(shi)》。此外，天(tian)津、上(shang)海(hai)、貴州等地(di)還(huan)提(ti)出(chu)，要(yao)加大對人工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)資金(jin)支持和稅(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)優惠，如《貴州省“互聯(lian)網+”人工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)專(zhuan)項(xiang)行(xing)動計劃》明確提(ti)出(chu)，2018年前完(wan)成投資5億元以上(shang)，《江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省關(guan)于(yu)加快推(tui)進人工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)和智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)制(zhi)造發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)若干措施(shi)》則表(biao)示，將出(chu)臺(tai)稅(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)優惠政(zheng)(zheng)策支持產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。

業內認為，我(wo)國的(de)人工(gong)智能產(chan)業政策體系已基本成(cheng)型，并正在(zai)形(xing)成(cheng)良好的(de)央地聯(lian)動效應(ying)。中國工(gong)程院院士鄔賀(he)銓向《經濟參考(kao)報》記者表(biao)示，制定和出臺具體的(de)產(chan)業政策，是我(wo)國推進產(chan)業發展(zhan)的(de)有力手段之一。

通過出臺有(you)針對性的(de)具體政策，一(yi)方面，可以促使人(ren)工智(zhi)能技術快速(su)(su)應用(yong)，加速(su)(su)人(ren)工智(zhi)能應用(yong)市場成(cheng)型；另一(yi)方面，有(you)助于產學研快速(su)(su)整合，形成(cheng)完備的(de)人(ren)工智(zhi)能產業生態，有(you)利于人(ren)工智(zhi)能產業做(zuo)大做(zuo)強。

百度、阿里巴(ba)巴(ba)、騰訊等企業在接受《經濟參考報》記者(zhe)采(cai)訪時均表(biao)示，中(zhong)(zhong)央和地方的產業政策照顧到了產業在發展(zhan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)臨的發展(zhan)方向、扶持措施(shi)、產業應用、產業風險(xian)等多個層面(mian)的問題，對(dui)人工(gong)智(zhi)能產業未(wei)來健康有(you)序(xu)發展(zhan)大有(you)裨益。目前，我國人工(gong)智(zhi)能產業政策仍在不斷完(wan)善中(zhong)(zhong)，這將進一步提升人工(gong)智(zhi)能產業發展(zhan)活力，有(you)助于人工(gong)智(zhi)能產業在我國快速應用，并被社(she)會接受，為未(wei)來人工(gong)智(zhi)能產業的發展(zhan)、成熟、壯大奠定基礎(chu)。

《經濟參考報》記者此前從多(duo)個(ge)權威渠道獲悉，未來我國(guo)還將(jiang)出(chu)臺多(duo)個(ge)細化措施，鼓勵人工智能產(chan)業發展。

據悉，未來我國(guo)將出(chu)臺的(de)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)措施主要分為(wei)三大(da)類(lei)。第(di)一(yi)類(lei)是(shi)(shi)具體產(chan)業落地政策(ce)，包(bao)括出(chu)臺針對人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)中小企業和(he)初創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)企業的(de)財稅優惠政策(ce)，通過高(gao)新技(ji)術(shu)企業稅收優惠和(he)研發(fa)費用(yong)加計扣除等政策(ce)支持人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)企業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，引導市場力量，建立健全(quan)(quan)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)基(ji)(ji)金；第(di)二類(lei)是(shi)(shi)推(tui)進各類(lei)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，包(bao)括按(an)照國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新基(ji)(ji)地布(bu)局和(he)框(kuang)架，推(tui)進人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新基(ji)(ji)地，引導現有與人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)實(shi)驗室、企業國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)實(shi)驗室、國(guo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)程實(shi)驗室等基(ji)(ji)地，聚(ju)焦新一(yi)代人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)前(qian)沿方向開展(zhan)(zhan)研究，前(qian)瞻布(bu)局新一(yi)代人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)重大(da)科(ke)技(ji)項(xiang)目(mu)；第(di)三類(lei)是(shi)(shi)制定(ding)促進人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)和(he)倫理規(gui)范，開展(zhan)(zhan)與人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)應用(yong)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)民事(shi)與刑(xing)事(shi)責任(ren)確認、隱私和(he)產(chan)權保護(hu)、信息安全(quan)(quan)利用(yong)等法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)問(wen)題研究，重點(dian)圍繞自動駕(jia)駛(shi)、服(fu)務機器人(ren)等應用(yong)基(ji)(ji)礎較好的(de)細分領(ling)域，加快研究制定(ding)相(xiang)關(guan)安全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理法(fa)(fa)規(gui)，為(wei)新技(ji)術(shu)的(de)快速應用(yong)奠定(ding)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)基(ji)(ji)礎。